Step 1 Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. Line a large, rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper.
Step 2 Bring water and rice to a boil in a medium saucepan. Cover and reduce heat to low. Simmer until tender, about 20 minutes.
Step 3 While the rice is cooking, mix olive oil, garlic, paprika, cumin, and cayenne pepper in a medium bowl. Pour 1 tablespoon spiced oil into a small bowl; whisk in yogurt and season with salt and pepper. Set yogurt sauce aside.
Step 4 Place tilapia fillets on the prepared baking sheet and rub with 2 tablespoons spiced oil.
Step 5 Add chickpeas, tomatoes, and 1/2 cup cilantro to the remaining spiced oil mixture; toss to coat. Pour onto the baking sheet around the tilapia. Season everything generously with salt and pepper.
Step 6 Roast in the preheated oven until tilapia is cooked through and flakes easily with a fork, 10 to 15 minutes, depending on size.
Step 7 Fluff cooked rice with a fork and divide onto 4 plates. Place tilapia on rice and spoon chickpea mixture over top. Top with yogurt sauce and remaining cilantro.